Plant-Based Burgers and Heart Health

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Remind Me, What Are Ultra-Processed Foods?

Ultra-processed foods undergo processing and reformulation with additives to enhance flavor, shelf-life, and appeal. These include everything from packet macaroni cheese and pork sausages, to supermarket pastries and plant-based mince. There is now strong and extensive evidence showing ultra-processed foods are linked with an increased risk of many physical and mental chronic health conditions.

The Study in Question

A recent study looked at the health effects of plant-based, ultra-processed foods, including mass-produced packaged bread, pastries, buns, cakes, biscuits, and meat alternatives. The researchers used data from the UK Biobank, which contains de-identified genetic, lifestyle (diet and exercise), and health information on half a million UK participants. The study found that for every 10% increase of total energy from plant-sourced, ultra-processed foods, there was an associated 5% increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a 12% higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. In contrast, for every 10% increase in plant-sourced, non-ultra-processed foods, there was an associated 7% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and a 13% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.

What Did the Study Find?

The study found no evidence for an association between all plant-sourced foods (whether or not they were ultra-processed) and either an increased or decreased risk of cardiovascular disease or dying from it. This was an observational study, where people recalled their diet using questionnaires, so we cannot say that the ultra-processed foods caused the heart disease and deaths from it.

Why Has Media Coverage Focused on Fake Meats?

Much of the media coverage has focused on the apparent health risks associated with eating fake meats, such as sausages, burgers, nuggets, and even steaks. These are considered ultra-processed foods. However, this was only one type of plant-based, ultra-processed food analyzed in this study, which only accounted for an average 0.2% of the dietary energy intake of all the participants.

Does this Mean Fake Meats are Fine?

Not necessarily. This study analyzed the total intake of plant-based, ultra-processed foods, which included fake meats, albeit a very small proportion of people’s diets. We need more recent data to reflect current eating patterns of fake meats, as the data used in this study was collected from 2009 to 2012, and fake meats have become more popular since. A recent review found there was not enough evidence to determine their impact on health.

What if I Really Like Fake Meat?

If you really like fake meat, keep in mind that it can be harmful to your health, like other ultra-processed foods. Look for ingredients that are lower in fat and salt, such as burgers and sausages that are made from pressed cakes of minced ingredients. You can also choose whole plant-based protein foods, such as legumes, which are high in protein and fiber.

Are Some Fake Meats Healthier than Others?

Yes, some fake meats can be healthier than others. When choosing a fake meat, check the label and nutrition information panel for ingredients with lower fat and salt content. Look for products that use plant-based ingredients instead of preservatives and additives.

Conclusion

This study showed that plant-based, ultra-processed foods, including fake meats, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death, but it also found that non-processed plant-based foods have a more positive effect. We should eat whole foods more often and only consume ultra-processed foods occasionally and in small amounts. Remember, not all fake meats are created equal, so choose wisely when it comes to ingredients and labeling.

FAQs

Q: Why did the media focus on fake meat?
A: The media release to promote the study featured an image of fake meat products, and the study mentioned plant-sourced, ultra-processed foods, which included fake meat.

Q: Can I just cut out fake meat altogether?
A: This study did not single out fake meat as a sole culprit. We need to look at the overall diet and consider all forms of ultra-processed foods.

Q: Are some plant-based ingredients healthier than others?
A: Some plant-based ingredients, such as nuts and vegetables, are naturally good for our health, while others may require processing to be safe to consume.

Q: What is the takeaway message for me?
A: The takeaway is to be aware of the ingredients we put into our bodies and make educated choices about the food we eat. While occasional consumption of fake meat may be harmless, it is not recommended to base our entire diet on it.